NCM, NCA, LFP, solid-state - EV battery chemistry explained

05 June 2022
We examine the battery chemistry tech of current and future EVs.

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There is a major inaccuracy in the article. The LiFePo4 battery has the highest power charge/discharge so far, besides the 2000-6000 cycles. The usual charge/discharge power is expressed in C, the ratio of current/capacity in Ah. So a battery of 100Ah that takes 100A current means 1C. LFP takes 10C until flat and about 15C for few seconds, while Li-Ion can take like 3C for charging (recently, with latest upgrades), but only up until 60-70% SOC and 3-5C for discharging, but again, not until flat. LFP is also safer than Li-Ion, can be punctured even during use and not explode. The only downside is the energy density, about half. It's way better for energy storage in photovoltaic systems than lead-acid.

One interesting aspect of LFP is that a 4S battery can perfectly replace a 6S Lead-acid battery used in the ICE cars, having the same voltage to the decimal. A Lead-acid has 12.8V nominal, LFP has 4*3.2=12.8V. Max voltage Lead-acid is 14.4V, LFP is 4*3.6=14.4V.

Anonymous, 03 Feb 2023How many purely ICE cars can go 1000km on a single tank? There are, you just don't know about them. I had a Renault Megane 2, model 2003, gasoline, 1.6L/16V, naturally aspirated, euro3. 1000km per tank. 5.7l/100km, 57L gas tank. The longest I went without refueling was like 800km, I only stoped for stretching, had at least 100km range.

If not for fossil fuels, we would not have the standard of living that we have today.
(It can be argued that Rockefeller saved whales from extinction.)

Supply and demand will determine where the market goes next.

  • Anonymous

All batteries have to deal with collisions and potential damage to the battery. Tesla are making the batteries a structural component. If the structure is compromised in a crash a whole sale battery change will be expensive.

  • David Angell

There's a couple of bits wrong there...

  • T the Tinkerer

They keep posting this stuff as if they have no clue of the politics and control that the fossil fuel industry has. These battery breakthroughs never see the light of day and never will as long as petrol is in large supply.

Great article! Please give an option to enable dark mode/theme on this website as is available on gsmarena!

  • Joe

Anonymous, 23 Nov 2022Until batteries comes with range of 1000+km and density of 200kg total weight all of this is n... moreThat's further than most ICE cars and less weight than most engines + transmissions.

A Model 3 SR+ gets comparable range to an ICE car in its class and weighs about the same.

  • Joe

Valeri, 17 May 2023But you can refill tank for 5 minutes ana again and again 100000 times without losing volume o... moreA modern EV battery will last longer than most ICE cars. A Tesla will lose less than 10% of its battery capacity after 250,000 miles. It should keep going for over 500,000.

  • Valeri

Anonymous, 03 Feb 2023How many purely ICE cars can go 1000km on a single tank? But you can refill tank for 5 minutes ana again and again 100000 times without losing volume of tank and range.

  • Anonymous

Anonymous, 03 Feb 2023How many purely ICE cars can go 1000km on a single tank? In most cases a multi tank trip is not much different than a single tank one. That's not the case with EVs.

  • Anonymous

Anonymous, 23 Nov 2022Until batteries comes with range of 1000+km and density of 200kg total weight all of this is n... moreHow many purely ICE cars can go 1000km on a single tank?

  • Anonymous

nihan, 17 Aug 2022what about graphene batteryUntil batteries comes with range of 1000+km and density of 200kg total weight all of this is nonsense

  • nihan

what about graphene battery

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