Huge real life test shows EV range loss at -15°C

Ro, 28 January 2023

Last week, we saw a rather comprehensive winter test done in China, comparing different EVs and how they handle the cold. However, that test was carried out in rather mild winter conditions ranging between 8-10 °C. Now, the same crew did a winter test in true winter temperatures from -10°C to -15°C. And as you'd expect, the actual range drops significantly.

Another winter test shows that EVs lose about half their range in the cold

Unlike in the previous test, all cars were tested with the climate control set to 24 °C in auto mode. The test was done on rural roads with the average speed around 50 km/h. All vehicles were driven until depleted.

This time around, the test includes more than 40 models and a bit more global models, including contenders from Tesla and Mercedes.

Another winter test shows that EVs lose about half their range in the cold

As you can see, the average retention rate is about 50%, with only a few models getting closer to 60%. The BYD Han EV 4WD did the best, retaining 60% of its advertised range. The Nio ET7 100kWh is another familiar name, taking third place with 55% retention. Tesla's Model Y didn't fare all that well in the test, as retaining just 48% of its range.

Model Advertised range Actual range % of advertised range Average kWh/100km consumption
BYD Han AWD 610km
379mi
366km
227mi
60% 23.3
BAIC ArcFox Alpha S 500km
311mi
293km
182mi
58% 25.4
Nio ET7 100kWh 675km
419mi
376km
234mi
55% 25.4
IM L7 615km
382mi
328km
204mi
53% 28.3
XPeng P5 600km
373mi
323km
201mi
53% 22.1
BYD Yuan Plus 510km
317mi
272km
169mi
53% 22.2
BYD Seal 4WD 650km
404mi
341km
212mi
52% 23.3
Nio ES7 100kWh 575km
357mi
302km
188mi
52% 33.2
Smart #1 Brabus 500km
311mi
260km
162mi
52% 25.4
Leap C11 550km
342mi
284km
176mi
51% 31.7
BYD Dolphin 401km
208km
51% 21.6
Zeekr 001 YOU 650km
404mi
327km
203mi
50% 30.6
Leap C01 630km
391mi
316km
196mi
50% 28.5
GAC Aion S 602km
374mi
302km
188mi
50% 23.1
XPeng G9 Performance 650km
404mi
323km
201mi
49% 30.3
Nio ET5 100kWh 640km
398mi
312km
194
49% 32.1
Tesla Model Y LR AWD 660km
410mi
319km
198mi
48% 24.6
XPeng P7 562km
349mi
270km
168mi
48% 30.0
Hozon Neta S 650km
404mi
310km
193mi
47% 29.4
GWM ORA Lighting Cat 600km
373mi
285km
177mi
47% 29.3

When it comes to total range, however, the Nio ET7 100kWh takes the lead with 376km. The Mercedes-Benz EQE takes a fourth place with 331 km mostly due to its big battery since its range retention is just 46%. The Model Y and Model 3 Performance reached only 319km and 312km, respectively, before dying.

Model Advertised range Actual range % of advertised range Average kWh/100km consumption
Nio ET7 100kWh 675km
419mi
376km
234mi
55% 25.4
BYD Han AWD 610km
379mi
366km
227mi
60% 23.3
BYD Seal 4WD 650km
404mi
341km
212mi
52% 23.3
Mercedes-Benz EQE 717km
446mi
331km
206mi
46% 29.0
IM L7 615km
382mi
328km
204mi
53% 28.3
Zeekr 001 YOU 650km
404mi
327km
203mi
50% 30.6
XPeng G9 Performance 650km
404mi
323km
201mi
49% 30.3
XPeng P5 600km
373mi
323km
201mi
53% 22.1
Tesla Model Y LR AWD 660km
410mi
319km
198mi
48% 24.6
Leap C01 630km
391mi
316km
196mi
50% 28.5
Tesla Model 3 Performance 675km
419mi
312km
194mi
46% 25.1
Nio ET5 100kWh 640km
398mi
312km
194
49% 32.1
Hozon Neta S 650km
404mi
310km
193mi
47% 29.4
GAC Aion S 602km
374mi
302km
188mi
50% 23.1
Nio ES7 100kWh 575km
357mi
302km
188mi
52% 33.2
BAIC ArcFox Alpha S 500km
311mi
293km
182mi
58% 25.4
GWM ORA Lighting Cat 600km
373mi
285km
177mi
47% 29.3
Leap C11 550km
342mi
284km
176mi
51% 31.7
BYD Yuan Plus 510km
317mi
272km
169mi
53% 22.2
XPeng P7 562km
349mi
270km
168mi
48% 30.0

But range isn't the only issue for EVs in harsh environments. Charging is also a problem in winter times. Batteries require to be in optimal operating temperatures for charging, which means the systems responsible for the battery conditioning will work extra hard and draw more power.

Another winter test shows that EVs lose about half their range in the cold

This means that and ultimately, less juice will be directed to the cell. But how damaging is that to the overall experience? Quite a bit, the numbers show. While the BYD Seal took the crown with a 69 minute full charge time, the Tesla Model 3 took over 100 minutes for a full charge and never got near its advertised 250kW peak rate. And then there's the Toyota bZ4X, which was a proper distaster in the freezing temperatures.

Model Battery capacity in kWh Time to full charge in min Average charging rate in kW Maximum charging rate in kW
BYD Seal 4WD 82.50 69 80.49 117.91
Changan Deepal SL03 58.10 69 49.60 84.52
BYD Yuan Plus 60.48 76 50.59 73.78
BYD Dolphin 44.90 77 39.45 66.63
BYD Han AWD 85.40 80 68.87 94.64
Nissan Ariya 90.00 81 65.58 77.23
Leap C11 89.97 82 63.92 105.50
Mercedes-Benz EQE 96.10 83 68.10 91.61
Nio ET7 100kWh 100.00 87 64.64 92.29
Nio ET5 100kWh 100.00 88 65.50 87.42
GAC Aion S 69.90 90 44.59 67.91
Leap C01 90.00 93 63.06 105.89
Tesla Model Y LR AWD 78.40 93 55.55 97.29
Geometry E 39.40 94 22.31 34.74
GWM ORA Lighting Cat 83.49 95 51.25 88.66
Zeekr 001 YOU 100.00 96 61.04 108.87
Nio ES7 100.00 96 59.14 68.08
Tesla Model 3 Performance 78.40 101 29.97 97.29
XPeng G9 98 103 62.11 86.20
XPeng P5 71.40 112 39.97 64.58
Hozon Neta S 91.00 117 48.07 56.45
XPeng P7 80.90 120 36.17 46.71
BAIC ArcFox Alpha S 74.59 183 27.28 60.63
Smart #1 Brabus 66.0 193 20.83 35.83
IM L7 93.0 208 27.81 87.26
Feifan R7 90.0 214 26.89 105.90
Toyota bZ4X 66.70 423 10.53 42.92
Chery QQ Ice Cream 13.90 339 2.06 2.20
Wuling Mini EV 9.30 452 1.38 1.50
Changan Lumin 17.65 549 1.97 2.10

Source (in Chinese)


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